pvc/docs/manuals/api.md

PVC HTTP API manual

The PVC HTTP API client is built with Flask, a Python framework for creating API interfaces, and run directly with the PyWSGI framework. It interfaces directly with the Zookeeper cluster to send and receive information about the cluster. It supports authentication configured statically via tokens in the configuration file as well as SSL. It also includes the provisioner client, an optional section that can be used to create VMs automatically using a set of templates and standardized scripts.

The pvc-ansible framework will install and configure the API by default, and enable the node daemon option for an instance of the API to follow the primary node, thus ensuring the API is listening on the upstream floating IP at all times.

API Details

SSL

The API accepts SSL certificate and key files via the pvc-api.yaml configuration to enable SSL support for the API, which protects the data and query values from snooping or tampering. SSL is strongly recommended if using the API outside of a trusted local area network.

API authentication

Authentication for the API is available using a static list of tokens. These tokens can be any long string, but UUIDs are typical and simple to use. Within pvc-ansible, the list of tokens can be specified in the pvc.yaml group_vars file. Usually, you'd want one token for each user of the API, such as a WebUI, a 3rd-party client, or an administrative user. Within the configuration, each token can have a description; this is mostly for administrative clarity and is not actually used within the API itself.

The API provides session-based login using the /api/v1/auth/login and /api/v1/auth/logout options. If authentication is not enabled, these endpoints return a JSON message of Authentication is disabled and HTTP code 200.

For one-time authentication, the token value can be specified to any API endpoint via the X-Api-Key header value. This is only checked if there is no valid session already established. If authentication is enabled, there is no valid session, and no token value is specified, the API will return a JSON message of Authentication required and HTTP code 401.

Values

The PVC API consistently accepts values (variables) as either HTTP query string arguments, or as HTTP POST form body arguments, in either GET or POST mode.

Some values are `` values; these do not require a data component, and signal an option by their presence.

Data formats

The PVC API consistently accepts HTTP POST commands of HTML form documents. However, since all form arguments can also be specified as query parameters, and only the vm define endpoint accepts a significant amount of data in one argument, it should generally be compatible with API clients speaking only JSON - these can simply send no data in the body and send all required values as query parameters.

The PCI API consistently returns JSON bodies as its responses, with the one exception of the vm dump endpoint which returns an XML body. For all POST endpoints, unless otherwise specified below, this is a message value containing a human-readable message about the success or failure of the command. The HTTP return code is always 200 for a success or 510 for a failure. For all GET endpoints except the mentioned vm dump, this is a JSON body containing the requested data.

Provisioner

The provisioner subsection (/api/v1/provisioner) is used to create new virtual machines on a PVC cluster. By creating templates and scripts, then grouping these into profiles, VMs can be created based on dynamic, declarative configurations via direct installation or templating. Administrators can use this facility to automate the creation VMs running most *NIX instances that can be installed in a parent host, or by using templates as a base for new VMs. It can also create VMs based on existing templates or ISO images to facilitate installing alternate operating systems such as Microsoft Windows.

Templates

Templates are used to configure the four components that define a VM configuration. Templates can be created and managed via the API, then grouped into profiles.

System Templates

System templates define the basic configuration of a VM. This includes the number of vCPUs and amount vRAM, as well as console access (either VNC or serial) and several pieces of PVC metadata.

Generally, a system template is usable across multiple VM profiles, so there will generally be a small number of system templates defining several standard resource profiles that can then be reused.

Some elements of the system template are mandatory, but most are optional.

Example: Creating a system template

• Note: vRAM sizes are always specified in MB.

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/system?name=2cpu-1gb-serial\&vcpus=2\&vram=1024\&serial=true\&vnc=false\&node_limit='pvchv1,pvchv2'\&node_selector=mem\&start_with_node=false
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/system/2cpu-1gb-serial

Network Templates

Network templates define the network configuration of a VM. These are tied into the PVC networking facility, and are quite simple. A MAC template is assigned to each template, which defines how MAC addresses are generated (either randomly, or via a simple templating system for static MAC addresses).

With a network template, various "nets" can be configured. A "net" defines a PVC virtual network VNI, which must be valid on the PVC cluster. The first net is assigned to the first Ethernet device (usually eth0 or ens2 in Linux), with each subsequent network being added as an additional interface in order.

Example: Creating a network template with two networks

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/network?name=net200+net300
curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/network/net200+net300/net?vni=200
curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/network/net200+net300/net/300
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/net200+net300

Storage Templates

Storage templates define the Ceph RBD disks, as well as optional filesystems and mountpoints for Linux-based guests, of a VM. The template itself consists only of a name; disk or image entries are configured as additional elements similar to network templates.

Each disk in a storage template is identified by a sequential ID, usually "sda"/"vda", "sdb"/"vdb", etc., a size, and a Ceph RBD pool within the PVC cluster. These alone are all that are required, and will create raw, unformatted images of the specified size, on the specified pool, and attached to the VM at the ID value. In addition to these basics, filesystems (with argument support) and mountpoints can also be specified. Filesystems specified here will be used to format the volume during the provisioning process, and mountpoints will mount the volume at the specified mountpoint during provisioning, so that a guest operating system can be installed on them during the process with a provisioning script.

In addition to disks, storage templates can also contain image entries. Like disk entries, they are identified by a sequential ID, as well as a source Ceph RBD pool and volume name. The specified volume may belong to a (shutdown) VM or be a dedicated template uploaded to the Ceph cluster.

Example: Creating a storage template with three mounted disks

• Note: You can also include the template name during creation.
• Note: Disk sizes are always specified in GB.
• Note: Filesystem arguments are passed as-is to the mkfs command and must use an --opt=val format to prevent splitting.

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/storage/ext4-root-var-log
curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/storage/ext4-root-var-log/disk?disk_id=sda\&disk_size=4\&filesystem=ext4\&mountpoint=/\&pool=vms\&filesystem_arg='-L=root'
curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/storage/ext4-root-var-log/disk/sdb?disk_size=4\&filesystem=ext4\&mountpoint=/var\&pool=vms\&filesystem_arg='-L=var'
curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/storage/ext4-root-var-log/disk/sdc -d "disk_size=4\&filesystem=ext4\&mountpoint=/var/log\&pool=vms\&filesystem_arg='-L=log'\&filesystem_arg='-m=1'"
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/storage/ext4-root-var-log

Userdata Templates

Userdata templates contain cloud-init metadata that can be provided to VMs on their first boot. It is accessible via an EC2-compatible API running on the PVC cluster to VMs. A userdata template contains the full text of the userdata, including optional multi-part sections if desired.

A default userdata template called "empty" is created by default, and this can be used for any profile which does not require cloud-init userdata, since a template must always be specified.

Examples of userdata templates can be found in /usr/share/pvc/provisioner/examples when the API is installed.

Example: Creating a userdata template from the userdata.yaml example file

• Note: For the block text commands (userdata and scripts), using the HTTP POST body for the data is always better than a URL argument.

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/userdata?name=example-userdata -d "data=$( cat /usr/share/pvc/provisioner/examples/userdata.yaml )"
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/template/userdata?name=example-userdata

Scripts

Scripts automate the installation of VMs with Python. To make use of a script, at least one disk volume must be both formatted with a Linux-compatible filesyste, and have a mountpoint (very likely /) configured. The specified disk is then mounted in a temporary directory on the active coordinator, and the script run against it. This script can then do any task required to set up and configure the VM, such as installing a Debian or Ubuntu system with debootstrap, obtaining a chroot and configuring GRUB, or almost any other task that the administrator may wish. All scripts are written in Python 3, which is then integrated into the provisioner's worker during VM creation and executed at the appropriate point.

Each script must contain a function called install() which accepts **kwargs and no other arguments. A number of default arguments are provided, including vm_name, the temporary_directory, and dictionaries of the disks and networks. Additional arguments can be specified in VM profiles to facilitate advanced configurations specific to particular VM types.

Examples of scripts can be found in /usr/share/pvc/provisioner/examples when the API is installed.

Example: Creating a script from the debootstrap_script.py example file

• Note: For the block text commands (userdata and scripts), using the HTTP POST body for the data is always better than a URL argument.

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/script/debootstrap-example -d "data=$( cat /usr/share/pvc/provisioner/examples/userdata.yaml )"
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/script/debootstrap-example

Profiles

Profiles group together the four template types and scripts, as well as optional script arguments, into a named profile which can be assigned to VMs on creation. When creating a VM, templates and scripts themselves are not explicitly specified; rather a profile is specified which then maps to these other values. This allows maximum flexibility, allowing a VM profile to combine the various templates and scripts in an arbitrary way. One potential usecase is to create a profile for a particular VM role, for instance a webserver, which will have a specific system, disk, network, and userdata configuration; multiple VMs can then be created with this profile to ensure they all contain the same resources and configuration.

Example: Creating a profile with the previously-created templates and some script arguments

• Note: Script arguments are specified as name=value pairs after the arg= argument.

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/profile/test-profile?system_template=2cpu-1gb-serial\&network_template=net200+net300\&disk_template=ext4-root-var-log\&userdata_template=example-userdata\&script=debootstrap-example\&arg=deb_release=buster\&arg=deb_mirror=http://deb.debian.org/debian\&arg=deb_packages=linux-image-amd64,grub-pc,cloud-init,python3-cffi-backend,wget
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/profile/test-profile

Creating VMs

VMs are created by specifying a name and a profile value. The provisioner API will then collect the details of the profile, and trigger the Celery worker (pvc-provisioner-worker.service) to begin creating the VM. The administrator can, at any point, obtain the status of the process via the Task ID, which is returned in the JSON body of the creation command. Once completed, by default, the resulting VM will be defined and started on the cluster, ready to use. If the VM uses cloud-init, it will then hit the Metadata API on startup to obtain the details of the VM as well as the userdata specified in the profile.

Additional options can also be specified at install time. Automatic definition of the VM and automatic startup of the VM can both be disabled via options to the creation command. The former is most useful when creating disk images from an installed set of VM disks, and the latter provides flexibility for the administrator to edit or review the final VM before starting it for the first time.

Example: Creating a VM and viewing its status

curl -X POST http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/create?name=test1\&profile=test-profile
curl -X GET http://localhost:7370/api/v1/provisioner/status/<task-id>

API Daemon Configuration

The API is configured using a YAML configuration file which is passed in to the API process by the environment variable PVC_CONFIG_FILE. When running with the default package and SystemD unit, this file is located at /etc/pvc/pvc-api.yaml.

Conventions

• Settings may be required, optional, or ignored.

• Settings may depends on other settings. This indicates that, if one setting is enabled, the other setting is very likely required by that setting.

pvc-api.yaml

Example configuration:

---
pvc:
    debug: True
    coordinators:
      - pvc-hv1
      - pvc-hv2
      - pvc-hv3
    api:
        listen_address: "127.0.0.1"
        listen_port: "7370"
        authentication:
            enabled: False
            secret_key: "aSuperLong&SecurePasswordString"
            tokens:
                - description: "testing"
                  token: ""
        ssl:
            enabled: False
            cert_file: ""
            key_file: ""

debug

• required

Whether to enable Debug mode or not. If enabled, the API will use the Flask debug runtime instead of the PyWSGI framework and will log additional output. Should not be enabled in production.

coordinators

• required

A list of coordinator hosts, used to generate the Zookeeper connection string.

api → listen_address

• required

The IP address for the API to listen on. Use 0.0.0.0 to specify "all interfaces".

api → listen_port

The port for the API to listen on.

api → authentication → enabled

• required

Whether to enable API authentication or not. Should usually be enabled in production deployments, especially if the API is available on untrusted networks.

api → authentication → secret_key

• optional
• requires authentication → enabled

The Flask authentication secret key used to salt session credentials. Should be a long (>32-character) random string generated with pwgen or a similar tool.

api → authentication → tokens

• optional
• requires authentication → enabled

A list of API authentication tokens that can be passed via the X-Api-Key header to authorize access to the API. Each list element contains the following fields:

description

• ignored

A text description of the token function or use. Not parsed by the API, but used for administrator reference in the configuration file.

token

• required

The token itself, usually a UUID created with uuidegen or a similar tool.

api → ssl → enabled

• required

Whether to enable SSL for the API or not. Should usually be enabled in production deployments, especially if the API is available on untrusted networks.

api → ssl → cert_file

The path to the SSL certificate file for the API to use.

api → ssl → key_file

The path to the SSL private key file for the API to use.

API Endpoint Documentation

The full API endpoint and schema documentation can be found here.